Urea

Urea is both a natural moisturising factor of the skin and, at higher concentrations, a pharmacological keratolytic. In cosmetic use (3–10%) it hydrates, smooths, and reduces itching by restoring the osmotic balance of the stratum corneum. Clinical formulations (10–40%) treat calluses, ichthyosis, and hyperkeratotic conditions. Urea improves barrier recovery and increases the uptake of hydrocortisone and other actives when co-applied. It is the first-line recommendation for keratosis pilaris and severely dry body skin. Note that urea is unstable in poorly formulated products — modern stabilized systems preserve its activity. Apply daily on affected areas for cumulative smoothing.