Tranexamic Acid

Tranexamic acid is a synthetic derivative of the amino acid lysine, originally used in medicine to stop bleeding — and now one of the most effective ingredients against stubborn pigmentation. It works via a different pathway than classic brighteners: it reduces plasmin-mediated arachidonic acid and prostaglandin signalling in keratinocytes, which in turn decreases melanocyte activation. At 2–5% it visibly fades melasma, post-inflammatory hyperpigmentation, and UV-induced dark spots, often where vitamin C alone falls short. It is gentle, well tolerated by sensitive and darker skin tones, and works synergistically with niacinamide and vitamin C. Morning use with sunscreen is recommended for best results.