Niacinamide

Niacinamide is the standard INCI name for vitamin B3 in its amide form, appearing on virtually every evidence-based serum label. Its mechanisms are multi-pathway: NAD+ precursor support in keratinocytes, ceramide synthesis upregulation, sebum normalisation, and inhibition of melanin transfer for gradual brightening. Effective from 2% upward, with 4–5% the sweet spot for daily multi-benefit use. Stable in water-based formulas, heat- and light-tolerant, and inexpensive — a rare combination of efficacy, tolerability, and economy. Duplicate INCI entries in this lexicon reflect ingredient-list variants; the chemistry and advice are identical.